Per-Olof Åstrand
Per-Olof Åstrand is one of the founding fathers of modern exercise physiology. He was born in 1922, and died in 2015. He graduated from the College of Physical Education, Stockholm (1946), and Karolinska Institute-Medical School, Stockholm, Sweden (1952). 
He was professor of physiology at the Karolinska Institute, and member of the Assembly for awarding the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine (1977-1988).
He is Doctor Honoris Causa at eight universities, Honorary member of the American College of Cardiology, the American College of Sports Medicine, and the Royal Australasian College of Physicians.
His research areas include work physiology, particularly the oxygen transporting system in humans, limiting factors for maximal aerobic power, effects of environmental factors, physical performance in relation to gender and age, health and fitness, preventive medicine, and rehabilitation.
Dr. Åstrand is well known as developing the Astrand Rhyming Cycle Test, and as co-author with K. Rodhal on a Textbook of Work Physiology (McGraw-Hill), which has been translated into seven languages. He also has over 200 research publications.
Fitness Tests
Astrand References
- Astrand, P.O. (1952) Experimental studies of physical working capacity in relation to sex and age. Munksgaard, Copenhagen.
- Åstrand, P.-O. & Ryhming, I. (1954) "A nomogram for calculation of aerobic capacity (physical fitness) from pulse rate during submaximal work." J Appl Physiol, 7, page 218-221.
- Astrand P. O., Cuddy T. E., Saltin B., Stenberg J. Cardiac output during submaximal and maximal work. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1964;19:268–274.
- Astrand, Per-Olof and Kaare Rohdahl. Textbook of Work Physiology. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1970.
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